What this module covers
Planning carries 30% of the WPQ2 exam. AWS lists five abilities for it: carry out the organization's responsibilities; read a specification or drawing and pick the base metal and filler metal combination to test; judge which processes the job needs and their essential variables; decide whether a WPS must be qualified by test, can be prequalified, or can use an existing WPS; and decide what equipment and measurements the test needs.
WPQ2 references are AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2020 and AWS B2.1/B2.1M:2021, both on screen with search off. Some questions draw on other standards, and AWS gives you what you need in the stem.
By the end you will be able to:
- turn a specification and a drawing into a qualification plan,
- choose the route: prequalified, test, or an existing WPS,
- list what to measure and record during the test.
We name clauses by title only. Keep your own copies of D1.1:2020 and B2.1:2021 open.
Reading the project's specification and drawing
Who does what
D1.1's General Requirements clause assigns the parties. The Engineer sets the contract requirements: loading, material, any toughness requirement, the extent of inspection. The Contractor writes the WPSs and qualifies them. The Inspector checks that what is used matches what is qualified. As the person planning a qualification you work for the Contractor's side; you read the Engineer's documents and meet them.
What to pull from the documents
Read the specification and drawing with a checklist:
| Item | Where it usually is | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Governing code and edition | Specification | Sets every rule that follows |
| Base metals and thicknesses | Drawing, material list | Decides the base metal grouping and thickness range |
| Joint types and sizes | Drawing, weld symbols | Decides the joint details and test assembly |
| Positions | Erection drawings, shop practice | Decides the test position |
| Loading (static or cyclic) | Specification, general notes | Changes some acceptance and detail rules |
| Toughness requirement | Specification | Adds CVN testing to the plan |
| Inspection and NDT | Specification | Tells you what the production welds face |
Choosing the base metal and filler combination
Find each base metal in the Prequalification of WPSs clause's base metal list. Then find the filler metal that matches the strength of the base metal; when two steels of different strength are joined, read the note on mixed joints. If a steel is not in the list, the WPS cannot be prequalified for it and must be qualified by test.
Worked example (invented values). A drawing shows a 30 mm plate of "Steel P" (invented) welded with CJP groove welds to a 20 mm plate of "Steel Q" (invented), in the flat and horizontal positions, statically loaded, with a CVN requirement in the specification. Plan:
- Find both steels in the base metal list. Suppose both are listed but in different groups.
- Read the filler metal matching rule for mixed groups.
- The CVN requirement means a test-qualified WPS with CVN testing, or a prequalified WPS plus whatever the specification adds. Read both before deciding.
- Note the thicknesses: the test plate must qualify the 30 mm plate.
Prequalified, qualified by test, or an existing WPS
Three routes
- Prequalified. D1.1's Prequalification of WPSs clause lets a WPS skip testing if every condition is met: a listed process, a listed base metal, matching filler, a prequalified joint detail, the preheat the clause requires, and the variable limits it sets. Miss one condition and the WPS is not prequalified.
- Qualified by test. The Qualification clause sets the test: assembly, welding, NDT, mechanical tests, PQR. This is the route when the job is outside prequalified limits or the specification asks for testing.
- An existing qualified WPS. If the organization already has a PQR whose ranges cover the job, a new WPS can be written from it without a new test. Check the ranges carefully (module 3).
A decision path
- Is the process prequalified? If not, test.
- Is every base metal listed? If not, test.
- Is the joint a prequalified detail within its tolerances? If not, test.
- Does the specification add toughness or other tests? Then check whether prequalification still meets it.
- Does an existing PQR cover every essential variable? If yes, write a WPS from it.
Planning the test
Once you know you are testing, plan the test plate or pipe: thickness to qualify the range you need, position, joint detail with backing or not, and the specimens it must yield. Then list the equipment: calibrated ammeter and voltmeter or a meter on the machine that you have checked, a travel speed measurement, temperature-indicating crayons or a contact thermometer for preheat and interpass, a gas flow meter if shielding gas is used, and gauges for fit-up.
Trap. Picking a test plate that is too thin. A test plate qualifies a thickness range. If it does not reach the thickest production member, the whole test is wasted.
Check yourself
The three questions below cover reading a drawing for the base metal and filler combination, choosing the route when one condition fails, and the measurements to plan for.
Where to look in your own books
- AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2020, General Requirements: responsibilities of the Engineer, Contractor and Inspector
- D1.1:2020, Prequalification of WPSs: processes, base metals, filler matching, joint details, preheat, variable limits
- D1.1:2020, Qualification: when a WPS must be tested, test assemblies
- AWS B2.1/B2.1M:2021, procedure qualification: the general requirements and essential variable tables
- AWS WPQ2 Endorsement Description (Cert. Rev. 11.05.2026): abilities 1 to 5 and the test specification